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Msc horticulture apprentice programme or for horticulture researchers and managers wishing to use the qPCR system in their work.

4. Conclusions {#sec4-ijms-18-01991}

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This study demonstrated that the TLV-PAGE provides a quick method to visualize and quantitate the protein patterns of different soybean varieties using PEG-6000 as protein carrier. However, the relative small molecular weights (<,50 kDa) make the PEG-6000-based TLV-PAGE not suitable to be used in the analysis of whole soybean extracts.

In addition, the "Da Vinci" R1 genome sequence of soybean was described for the first time. This is the first report describing the genome sequence of the cultivar "Da Vinci" with the reference variety "Williams 82".

Liu Hongwei, Dongqiao Zhang and Zhenhua Zhu are joint first authors.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

![The resolution of different sizes of protein by the large-volume sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (LAV-PAGE) method. (**A**) Shows the ladder, (**B**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 25 kDa, (**C**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 50 kDa, (**D**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 70 kDa. CK: blank control, S: soybean.](ijms-18-01991-g001){#ijms-18-01991-f001}

![The resolution of different sizes of protein by the TLV-PAGE method. (**A**) Shows the ladder, (**B**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 25 kDa, (**C**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 50 kDa, (**D**) Shows the intensity of four soybean cultivars at the position of 70 kDa. CK: blank control, S: soybean.](ijms-18-01991-g002){#ijms-18-01991-f002}

![The improvement of the large-volume sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (LAV-PAGE) in terms of the resolution of protein bands compared to the traditional gel electrophoresis. (**A**) Shows the resolution of protein bands by the LAV-PAGE, (**B**) Shows the protein pattern by the traditional gel electrophoresis.](ijms-18-01991-g003){#ijms-18-01991-f003}

![The comparison of protein patterns of different soybean varieties using the LAV-PAGE method with different concentrations of PEG-6000 as protein carrier. (**A**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using PEG-6000 as the protein carrier, (**B**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using PEG-4000 as the protein carrier, (**C**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using PEG-6000 as the protein carrier, (**D**) Shows the gel pattern for the traditional gel electrophoresis.](ijms-18-01991-g004){#ijms-18-01991-f004}

![The effect of PEG-6000 on the resolution of the LAV-PAGE method. (**A**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using 10%, 15% and 20% (*v*/*v*) PEG-6000 as the protein carrier, (**B**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using 5%, 10% and 15% (*v*/*v*) PEG-6000 as the protein carrier, (**C**) Shows the gel pattern for the LAV-PAGE using 3%, 4% and 5% (*v*/*v*) PEG-6000 as the protein carrier, (**D**) Shows the gel pattern for the traditional gel electrophoresis.](ijms-18-01991-g006){#ijms-18-01991-f006}

![The principle of the Large-volume Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (LAV-PAGE) method. (**A**) Illustrates the principle of the gel, (**B**) Illustrates the principle of the agarose matrix.](ijms-18-01991-g007){#ijms-18-01991-f007}

![Illustrates the principle of the Large-volume Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (LAV-PAGE) for the detection of soybean protein of different size in a single gel. (**A**) Shows the principle of the gel, (**B**) Shows the principle of the agarose matrix, (**C**) Shows the principle of